Mustafa kemal ataturk biography
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Atatürk: The Early Years
Mustafa, who became Mustafa Kemal as a teenager and then Mustafa Kemal Atatürk late in life, was born around in the city of Salonica (now Thessaloniki, Greece), which at that time was part of the Ottoman Empire. His family was middle-class, Turkish-speaking and Muslim. A good student, Mustafa Kemal attended a series of military schools, including the War College in Istanbul. He was then stationed in Syria and Palestine for a few years before securing a post back in Salonica. In and , the hard-drinking Mustafa Kemal fought against the Italians in Libya.
Did you know? The Turkish leader known as Atatürk had blue eyes and fair hair. Though he claimed to be descended from Turkish nomads, some historians believe he was at least partly of Balkan ancestry.
During World War I (), the Ottoman Empire allied itself with Germany and Austria-Hungary. By this time, the aging empire had lost almost all of its territory in Europe and Africa. Moreover, the so-called
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Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography
"Fresh and concise."—New Yorker
"A significant achievement, and indispensable for anyone seeking to understand the roots of modern Turkey."—Times Higher Education
"Atatürk does not lack for biographers, most of whose books are adulatory, but none has so thoroughly brought to life the ideological climate that molded the man as has Hanioğlu. And few have presented Atatürk with such objectivity."—Foreign Affairs
"The definitive biography of Atatürk and an instant classic."—Digest of Middle East Studies
"Hanioğlu does a stellar job highlighting the scientific trends Atatürk used to validate his Turkish national ideal. . . . Highly recommended."—Library Journal
"This work provides the essential intellectual framework to understand Atatürk and the enormity of his accomplishments."—Choice
"M. Sükrü Hanioglu probes the bold and pragmatic mind of Atatürk in his new book. . . . Hanioglu provides us with a fresh
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Kemal Atatürk ()
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, c. ©Atatürk was a Turkish nationalist leader and founder and first president of the republic of Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in in Salonika (now Thessaloniki) in what was then the Ottoman Empire. His father was a minor official and later a timber merchant. When Atatürk was 12, he was sent to military school and then to the military academy in Istanbul, graduating in
In , he served against the Italians in Libya and then in the Balkan Wars ( - ). He made his military reputation repelling the Allied invasion at the Dardanelles in
In May , Atatürk began a nationalist revolution in Anatolia, organising resistance to the peace settlement imposed on Turkey bygd the victorious Allies. This was particularly focused on resisting Greek attempts to seize Smyrna and its hinterland. Victory over the Greeks enabled him to secure revision of the peace settlement in the Treaty of Lausanne.
In , Atatürk established a provisional governmen